50+ Of Your Favorite Contemporary Poetry Collections

50+ Of Your Favorite Contemporary Poetry Collections This giveaway is sponsored by Congotronic by Shane Book and Trickster by Randall Potts. In Book’s polyvocal poetry collection, he brandishes a particularly pleasing form of near-nonsense, mixing African folk history, hip-hop lyrics, and meditations on mind and body. . . . If certain passages challenge readers (“I am after after I am because because I am a burst of was”), they always reward with new, unusual experiences of language and meaning. Book blends the fashionable savvy of pop producer Pharrell Williams, the experimental poetics of Adam Fitzgerald (The Late Parade, 2013), and the disorienting strangeness of playwright Sarah Ruhl.â€"Booklist   Potts writes poems charged with an intense and loving empathy with the living and non-living things of the Earth and the spirit that animates them. His poems are grounded in images and borne aloft by the song of ancient and modern traditions. They are touched by the spirit that moves through the work of Merwin, Trakl, and Tarkovsky, a spirit that endows things with the luminous effects of golden sunlight scattered through leaves, illuminating darkness with hope.â€"Geoffrey Nutter, author, The Rose of January  and Christopher Sunset ____________________ For this giveaway, we asked for your favorite contemporary poetry collections- leaving the definition of contemporary up to you- and here are your answers! Time and Materials by Robert Hass Nights I Let the Tiger Get You by Elizabeth Cantwell Rookery by Traci Brimhall Sun by Michael Palmer King Me by Roger Reeves Your Own, Sylvia: A Verse Portrait of Sylvia Plath by Stephanie Hemphill The Fifty Minute Mermaid  by Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill Frameless Windows, Squares of Light by Cathy Song Jelly Roll by Kevin Young Sleeping on the Wing by Kenneth Koch and Kate Ferrell Pilgrim by David Whyte What the Living Do by Marie Howe Emergency Kit: Poems for Strange Times by Jo Shapcott and Matthew Sweeney Getting Stitches by Rudy K. Francisco The Cinnamon Peeler by Michael Ondaatje Gray Matter by Sarah Michas-Martin Motherland Fatherland Homelandsexuals by Patricia Lockwood No Matter the Wreckage by Sarah Kay Missing You, Metropolis by Gary Jackson Blowout by Denise Duhamel Crush by Richard Siken What have you done to our ears to make us hear echoes? by Arlene Kim Senegal Taxi by Juan Felipe Herrera In Search of Midnight by Mike McGee The Madness Vase by Andrea Gibson Forgiveness Parade by Jeffery McDaniel Bellocqs Ophelia by Natasha Tretheway Gentleman Practice by Buddy Wakefield Dear Future Boyfriend by  Cristin OKeefe Aptowicz Bicentennial: Poems by Dan Chiasson Human Dark With Sugar by Brenda Shaughnessy The Rhizome as a Field of Broken Bones by Margaret Randall 10,000 Wallpapers by Matt Shears Life on Mars by Tracy K. Smith Breaking Poems by  Suheir Hammad Bitters by Rebecca Seiferle Songs of a Clerk by Gary Beck The Silence of Doorways by Sharon Venezio God Particles by Thomas Lux Anne Stevensons Poems 1955-2005 Words for Empty and Words for Full by Bob Hicok Angle of Yaw by Ben Lerner Wind in a Box by Terrance Hayes Love Poems by Nikki Giovanni Slamma Lamma Ding Dong by Dan Leamen The Trouble with Poetry by Billy Collins Blind Huber by Nick Flynn Selected Poems by  Bob Schneider Now Youre the Enemy by James Allen Hall Essays Against Ruin by Brian Clements The Complete Works of Edna St. Vincent Millay Men in Groups by Aaron Smith Broetry by Brian McGackin New Shoes on a Dead Horse by Sierra DeMulder

Factors That Affect A Country s Economic Performance

Introduction National unemployment rates are one of the key macroeconomic figures that indicate to an extent how well a country is performing at a certain point in time. These figures are widely used by economists because they can show economic growth or economic stagnation. One of the most significant steps that must be taken in order to reduce the unemployment rate is to find out what is causing it. There are many different factors that affect a country’s economic is performance, which means that there is also a wide range of policies that can be implemented to reduce unemployment and improve economic performance. Typically there are two major types of employment factors – demand side and supply side. Unemployment – types, causes and effects According to John Sloman and Alison Wride (2010, p.32) unemployed person is considered to be the one who is without work, but is available for a one at current wage rates. Unemployment, however, is not only a personal issue but also a big social and economic problem, which leads to lost in human capital, incomes, production and lowering the standard of living as a whole. Depending on what is the cause of it, unemployment may be divided into frictional, structural and cyclical, where frictional and structural form the so called natural unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is simply caused because of recession – is a typical demand-sided unemployment which means that there is a lack of aggregate demand in the economy and there is lessShow MoreRelatedDifferent Dimensions Of Apple s Products And Services1573 Words   |  7 Pagesforces that influence strategic decisions and performance. Further, the performance of a business is affected by stakeholder groups whose inte rests must be factored in decision-making. Therefore, it is imperative for organizations to have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the environment in which they operate and the implications of stakeholder’s interests in their long-term and short-term performance. This report will explore the different dimensionsRead MoreStudent s Performance As Cause Effect Phenomen A Multilevel Approach1245 Words   |  5 PagesStudent’s Performance as Cause-Effect Phenomena: A Multilevel Approach Introduction: Education plays a vital role in the human and country development at all stages. There are key determinants that affect the education level which ultimately translate into human and country s development. Quality education ensures the achievement of knowledge and required skills that enable individuals to enhance the productivity and improve their living standard and access to basic needs. ThisRead MoreSmall Business Ent. 1. Investigate Performance of a Selected Small Business Enterprise.1581 Words   |  7 Pages1. Investigate performance of a selected small business enterprise. 1.1 JS furniture is a furniture manufacturing company owned by two brothers John and Smith. JS started operations in 2006 and there is a satisfactory growth in this business since then. However there are fall in turnover in some months as well. JS import wood from Asian countries and manufacture furniture. Company had been able to get massive discounts from its suppliers because of bulk buying so this had helped them to keepRead MoreFactors That Affect a Business Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesanalyse JCB global environment - Political factor: JCB political risk is not specified in the case study. But as a multinational, it is impacted by the political decisions of countries where it operates. According to the text, JCB is in a position of prevention. The company is implemented in countries where political riks are low. Even if they have potential market to sell compaction equipment in key developing country such as Africa, they are not ready to enter this marketRead MoreEconomics As An Area Of Study And Research1372 Words   |  6 Pages Economics Name Course Tutor Module Institution â€Æ' Introduction Economics as an area of study and research borrows from the social and scientific aspects of life. The interplay between the two principles helps in the formulation of ideals that influence distribution, production, and consumption. Right from the ancient times understanding and definition of the term dwelled on the issue of political economy. Nonetheless, developments by made scholars in the sector saw the formulation of newRead MoreThe American Society Moves Forward Into The Contemporary Era1604 Words   |  7 PagesDebt). 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China s economic success has not been confined to raw economic growth, especially with a huge trade surplus of over 40 billion according to worldRead MoreSuccess Of Friend Z s A Regional Based Coffee House1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe success of Friend-Z s, a regional based coffee house in the United States, is in its tenth year of business. The small business venture, which began as a cooperative college project, has grown into one of the best coffee houses on the college scene. Friend-Z s s uccess has sparked the interest of its partners to take their small business to the next level by expanding into the global market. Competing globally would allow Friend-Z s Coffee House to take advantage of a larger customer base,Read MoreNutrition : An Important Element Of A Healthy Population1341 Words   |  6 Pagesthe level of economic development in an economy. Food policies are directly related to the level of economic performance. Substantial literature indicates that nutrition directly affects the level of population health in the economy. A healthy population is more economically productive compared to a starving population. Nutritional value directs affect significantly the level of economic development in a nation. This study will mainly focus on the role food in economic performance. The study willRead MoreHow The Macroenvironment And The Global National Environment? Sarah Jebreen1601 Words   |  7 PagesMacroenvironment and the Global National Environment - Sarah Jebreen The financial performance of any business in the clothing retail industry depends on the level of consumption and spending consumers are willing to reach, which is affected by the macroenvironmental factors. Those factors include economic, global, technological, demographic and political and legal forces. First we will start with the Macroeconomic factors. Economic factors can ether have positive or negative impacts on the clothing retail industry

Essay on Romantic Era Time of a New Time - 1656 Words

Romantic Era: Time of a New Time It was a time of no choice. A man was born into his class he did not have a choice of what he could do in this country. There was a class of nobility and then the class of poor. There was no sense of religious freedom you were either a follower of the church or you were a follower of the church. The church controlled the government made the laws and taught what was right and wrong and no one was allowed to question it. For the poorer class it was a time were life went by fast there was no time for imagination, thought, and even the simplest things that we today do not acknowledge at all. The neighboring countries were going into revolution creating many deaths and failing attempts. So the church, the†¦show more content†¦People began to appreciate the little things. They began to appreciate music and art as well as nature and poetry. Times began to change as people started to believe in what they want some stayed with the original version of what the churc h had taught them and dictated to them but many began to read and do their own research and were able to decide for themselves what they wanted to believe in. church and government began to become segregated. This does not mean that church did not have in government I believe till this day it still dose but this was a mark of the beginning of the segregation of the two. From these many things that people began to appreciate was one of the wonders and an appreciated art was poetry. Some of the greatest poetry ever recorded has come from this era I cannot say exactly why but I can conclude it is because this is a time people really appreciated what they were talking about because of the centuries of lack of appreciation and ability to appreciate it came out so great. Whatever the reason is the poetry was something that came from this time that will be always remembered. â€Å"The poetry of this time really appreciated and emphasized on feeling, intuition, and imagination. Others feel that it emphasizes individualism, freedom from rules, spontaneity, solitary life rather than life in society, and the love of beauty and nature. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_characteristics_of_romantic_poetry)† From these great piecesShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Romantic Era1107 Words   |  4 PagesRomantic Era Romanticism was brought to life around 1780 and thinned out around 1850. During this age romantic thought and imagination was chosen over reason, emotions, logic, intuition, and science. The late 18th century was a perfect era for romanticism. During this time period it spread wildly through the countries of Europe, the United States and Latin America and touched the pens of so many writers. 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So a better time frame to demarcate the influences of romanticism in music would be theRead MoreThe Evolution of British Poetry Essay927 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the literary history of the Renaissance, a gradual but dramatic change in the poetic style of the time becomes apparent. From one contribution to another, the rebellion between the poetic styles is evident. Early Elizabethan and Jacobean poetry demonstrates t he love that mankind shares and the universal truths that the people of that time held so dear. On through the neoclassical and romantic eras, the style becomes centered on personal delight and warmth. This paper intends to follow and describeRead MoreWilliam Wordsworths Expostulation And Reply1615 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Romantic era. This poem was published in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems in 1798, a publication considered by some to mark the beginning of the Romantic era in literature. These two poems bring back a poetic form that became a trademark for the British Romantic poets: the ballad. This form, often associated with simplicity, was useful in conveying the ideologies that were portrayed by the romantic poets. In reaction to the preceding Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason, the new era focusedRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Classical Era Of Music729 Words   |  3 Pagesbridge between the classical and romantic era of music. He is known for doing this becau se he took key aspects of the classical era and merged them with key aspects of the romantic era. The classical era of music dates from 1775-1825. The classical music era had a lighter and more clear texture (Kamien 161). The music from this era was mainly homophonic meaning that the music had one part or melody that dominated all other parts or melodies (Kamien 160). 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In order for significant and noticeable changes to occur in music, the society surrounding it must also change. Significant social and political movements often bring on these stylistic changes in music. These changes can range from the way personality is expressed in music to the actual orchestrationRead MoreBallet As Part Of The Romantic Era1729 Words   |  7 PagesAcadà ©mie Royale de Danse. There were many eras of Ballet such as Ballet de Court (1600’s) and Ballet de action (1700’s). The 19th Century in particular saw a significant dev elopment in Ballet as part of the Romantic Era. Following the French Revolution (1789-1799) there was a new social enlightenment and opportunity for people push boundaries, break social norms and challenge morals and ideas. This massive shift in society saw the beginning of the Romantic era; a period in which writers, poets, artists

The Reign of Charles V Free Essays

Charles V reigned over a vast empire in a tumultuous age. The New World was a relatively recent discovery, and several other factors point to the idea that Charles V’s reign coincided with a global transition into the modern age. Although Charles V’s focus was primarily domestic (in the sense of Europe and the surrounding territory), the meeting of traditional values and modern ideology was one of many issues Charles faced, independence was another. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reign of Charles V or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consolidating and re-consolidating his power was a problem that sapped much of Charles V’s, and by extension his empire’s, time and resources. From the papacy to the fiercely independent German coalition of prince-states, Charles often to had to take extra measures to enforce his policy in an empire that varied greatly from one polity to the next. Religion was another obstacle faced by Charles. The Protestant Reformation (steeped in the last vestiges of a somewhat anti-clerical Renaissance movement) appealed to many not only as more pious faith, but as a tool to be used for political maneuvering and opposition against an emperor whose motto was â€Å"Further beyond† (in regards to spreading the Christian faith). These concerns coupled with the always-present threat of foreign invasion made ruling over his empire an incredibly demanding and difficult task. Add to that the largely impractical and complex political process of the time, the question of finance, and a peasantry discontent synonymous with the values of the modern age, and you have a long and arduous list of problems faced by Charles. Although Charles the V was focused primarily on reform and maintenance rather than expansion, his conquering of the Aztecs and Incas can be considered brutal success and added greatly to the territory of New Spain. Cultural, economic, and political disparity throughout the empire, the search for financial backing (as well as questionable fiscal habits), foreign threat, and the problem of enforcing his often conventional policy in an era of change make the reign of Charles the V one worth studying. The empire preceded over by Charles encompassed many different cultures and made the vision of one wholly unified political entity hugely unfeasible, â€Å"By tradition he ruled only with the consent of the Imperial Diet, whose sheer size and diversity of interests made agreement almost impossible† (Maltby 22). As heir to not only the Habsburg dynasty, but a host of other territories (some of which his authority was unrecognized), Charles had to undertake the task of administrating over unique polities that themselves had issues administrating. Peasant unhappiness had long been an issue in medieval Europe, and combined with the scarcity of labor (due to the Black Death) peasants took on a new feeling of self-worth and importance. This often culminated in open revolt and passive resistance when the peasant class’s demands were discarded as usual. This caused issues in management for the individual polities and on a larger scale for Charles. Charles had to deal with a huge difference in political process between any given polity, from the loose organization of the German States to the Cortes. Charles dealt with this largely on a by-issue basis, choosing to solve one problem at a time. This was in line with Charles’s cautious nature, for a decision made to solve one problem could not be considered without regard to how it would affect the others, such is the nature of the interconnected problems facing him. Even unifying factors such as the church had trouble bringing together polities that were more often concerned with individual well being and privilege then with the welfare of the empire. Charles had too many issues too deal with at once, so he employed viceroys (regional governors) as extensions of imperial will. Many of Charles’ problems stem from the lack of a unifying force in the empire, as unrealistic as it would be to imagine one at that time. A constant and expensive threat faced by Charles was that of foreign invasion. Charles was faced with defense of a â€Å"Vast patchwork of principalities that were neither geographically contiguous nor similar†¦ in culture or tradition† (Maltby 8). The frequent clashes with France and it’s monarch Francis the I mark the most prominent campaign in â€Å"terms of blood and money† (Maltby 32). Charles developed a personal rivalry with Francis as evidenced by his repeated offers to settle huge disputes with a duel. Sometimes called the Habsburg-Valois rivalry, France was located dead in the center of Charles’s empire. And with France’s resources and military ambition rivaling that of Charles, conflicts between the two were frequent and costly. France’s interest in the Italian peninsula fueled it’s military conquests and was a continuation of French interest in the area dating back to Charles VIII’s invasion in 1494. The French were defeated in 1525 (culminating in Francis’s capture and the treaty of Madrid), inconclusively in 1529 (leading to the Treaty of Cambrai), and again inconclusively in 1538 with a truce (although the conflict would later start up with a renewed Frankish-Ottoman alliance). Charles owed much of his military success to his elite corps the tercios, a cohesive combination of â€Å"pikes with shot.. that would dominate European battlefields until the Thirty Years War† (Maltby 40). Some of the war successes and failures during conflict were directly related to advance in technology such as the bastion. Another threat, and one that endangered his very values, was that of the Islamic Ottoman empire. Starting out as one of many Christian raiding advocates of Islam, the Ottoman empire made territorial acquisitions at an alarming rate, especially alarming to the heavily Christian population at the time. The Ottoman empire found an able leader in Suleyman â€Å"The Magnificent† whose campaigns ended twice at Vienna due to logistical reasons. Failure to conquer the entirety of Charles’s empire did not stop the sultan from dominating the Mediterranean and also unleashing the pirates upon Charles, some of who caused serious issues for him (Barbarossa) via harassment and guerrilla techniques. Charles’s conflict with religion can be seen in his dealings with the Protestant Reformation (and a general anti-clerical position) as well as his subjugation of the papacy. Holding the title of Holy Roman Emperor had personal meaning to Charles, and his actions were often motivated by his desire to advance and protect the Christian faith. He met with opposition by not only the Protestant Reformation, but by a rebellious papacy concerned first with its own survival and second with the Christian faith. Although the papacy under Clement VII was largely pacified by instilling the Medici in Florence, the Reformation was not so easily quieted. The values behind the reformation attracted opportunists, condemners of the church, and peasant revolts alike, but the movement found a special foothold in the Germanic provinces. Besides using the new religion as a means of resisting imperial control, the princes had a more practical motivation, that by breaking with the church they could â€Å"Increase their revenues, strengthen their reserves of patronage, and gain control of†¦ institutions†¦. without alienating their subjects. † (Maltby 49). Actual proponents of the movement believed that it â€Å"offered a truer interpretation of the Gospels than that provided by the traditions of the Old Church† (Maltby 49). Whatever their justification, Charles V adopted a number of different stances concerning the Protestant Reformation. Domestically, the Inquisition was still active, and destroyed Spanish Protestantism (what little there was), and they also persecuted effectively any other movement that strayed from the accepted doctrine of the time. Concerning his less secure territorial acquisitions, Charles’s stance ranged from tolerance to viewing Luther’s doctrine as â€Å"False† and â€Å"Evil†, but the conflict manifested itself in the struggle between the Protestant formed Schmalkaldic League and Charles. Formed to be a united Protestant front against the still majority Christian Orthodoxy, The League was allowed to exist only as long as Charles was busy with the Ottomans. Once that threat had been neutralized (via treaty), Charles turned his attention elsewhere, namely to what he viewed as religious rebellion, the Schmalkaldic League. Charles, backed by papal troops, eradicated the league (who was plagued by authoritative indecisiveness) in a fashion reminiscent of the crusades. However the ever-present problem of enforcing his policy appeared in Charles’s victory over the league. Many of the prince-states that re-converted remained largely protestant in population, placed no constrictions on the spread or practice of the faith, and some outright reverted back to Protestantism. Charles’s legacy is often tainted by his fiscal actions. The empire needed mass amounts of money not only to function, but to finance Charles’s martial actions. Charles’s often depended on the system of redress after compensation, expected donations, and random windfalls. But by far his most relied upon source for money, were the banks. Charles borrowed heavily from many banks to support his endeavors. Often Charles could not repay the loan by the deadline, which led to a slew of re-negotiations, raised interest rates, and fees instituted by the banks to ensure profit. The relationship between them was initially symbiotic. Charles needed money and the banks were happy to profit off of the high interest rates and continued to supply him even when his credit dropped in the later years of his reign. Later in Charles’s reign however, the banks realized he was no longer a safe nor profitable investment, which often forced him to resort to coercion to get the necessary funds. The diverse nature of the problems meant that no one solution would encompass the broad spectrum of issues facing Charles and his empire. Ranging from financial troubles, to foreign threat, to having core values that conflict with the changing times of that age, Charles allowed caution and his deep Christian values to guide him through those troubled times until his abdication and retirement to a monastery. Charles’ reign certainly had its share of successes and failures, and Charles has been described as â€Å"not quite a good man, and not quite a great man† (Maltby 129), but he is certainly one worth re-examining, even four centuries later. How to cite The Reign of Charles V, Essay examples

Human errors in Korean A300B4-622R plane crash free essay sample

Accident analysis is the process undertaken in order to establish the causes of accidents in order to prevent similar kinds of accidents from occurring in future.   Crew failures and crew resource management have increasingly lead to more crashes than mechanical problems. In August of 1994 a Korean airbus A300B4-622R overrun the runaway and caught fire after disagreements between the pilot and the co-pilot.   No passenger was hurt as they were all evacuated through the cockpit windows but the air craft was totally written off.   I hereby put down an insight of the accident highlighting the poor CRM and human factors that greatly lead to this accident To begin with the communication process was very poor.   The co-pilot doubt about the length of the runaway indicate that there was inadequate briefing on the landing conditions of the destination.   The co-pilot, to add to that, lacks inquiry qualities in that he does not ask about the length of the runaway but instead decides that his decision of it being inadequately long is correct. We will write a custom essay sample on Human errors in Korean A300B4-622R plane crash or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page    Lacks self critique is evident by deciding to go round without involving the pilot which eventually results to the crash.   He pulls back the yoke saying â€Å"go round† to the captain who responds by saying â€Å"get your hands off .get off!†.   In addition, there is lack of common decision in the length of the runway, to go round or to proceed landing which leads to the crash that could have otherwise been prevented (Weir, A. 1999,   pp.55-123). Secondly, team building and maintenance is absent evidenced by the co-pilot deciding to act on a different line compared to the pilot.   The pilot sees no sense to explain or answer the co-pilots question as he is asked severally on whether to go round.   Interpersonal relationship between the pilot and the co-pilot are also very poor as the co-pilot is not ready to obey the pilot on the landing of the plane on the runaway.   The follower ship concept is fully absent with the pilot inability to put commands and the other crew following the instructions for safe landing of the plane. According to Weir (1999), the work load is poorly managed, within the crew in the plane.   To begin with, they do not have enough information on the landing particulars of the runaway.   They have not been either briefed or the whole data is totally unavailable which prompts the co-pilot to conclude that according to him the runaway is insufficient for the air bus to land.   The workload distribution, in addition is not coherent as it is not clear who is supposed to asses the runaway suitability for the plane to land. Weir (1999) adds that, team coordination is fully lacking with poor decision making by the co-pilot and the pilot regarding the landing of the plane due to the length of the runaway.   The co-pilot solely decided that the runaway will not be sufficient for the air bus to land.   There is poor coordination of the actions which pilot and the co-pilot takes as little information is given by any of the two the his colleague. The pilot tells the co-pilot to get off his hands while the co-pilot decides   not to land.   The co-pilot defied the pilots decision by deciding not to follow his orders and grabbed the throttles, pulled back the yoke ready to go round making the plane to move beyond the runaway and crashing before catching fire.   This shows the clear inability of the co-pilot to make proper estimates of the landing distance required for their plane to land. Cultural effects are also to blame for the Korean Airbus crash in 1994.   The Korean pilot without explaining to the co-pilot, may have been undermining him culturally as it is seen by him just giving orders and ignoring his questions.   The co-pilot on the other hand wanted prove himself not culturally inferior by being Asian, therefore proceeded to act without regarding his orders.   From the cultural background, the arrogant co-pilot shows disregard his Canadian pilot without clear premises of why actually they should not land. Conclusion This plane crash could have simply been avoided if only the human error could have been reduced.   The plane was in good conditions but lack of proper crew resource management system was the key to the crash thereby endangering the large number of people and the high investment alongside threatening the reputation of the countrys airline.   The CRM through re-code events helps in the analysis of the accidents resulting from the crew behavior and the overall human error.   Knowledge of all underlying accident factors is necessary with specific investigation very important in the whole final decisions making. References Weir, A. (1999). The Tombstone Imperative: The truth about air safety. London: Simon and Schuster.

Prader-Willi Syndrome an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Prader-Willi Syndrome by Expert BrilliantEssays | 23 Dec 2016 The following compilation is a description of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome, two neurodevelopmental conditions, which will be examined, and through questioning, the search for evidence for a possible distinction between the two disorders. Samples of case studies, evolving around the inquiry of the ratio of male v. female diagnosis, will assist in creating a summary, and final report in the quest for the solution of how children affected by these two syndromes can be assisted with daily functions, such as education, will temporarily close this document but persist in being a corner stone in the continued research of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome. Need essay sample on "Prader-Willi Syndrome" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed What is Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome? Though the two disorders share symptoms, and distinguishable physical features, and are considered disorders resulting from the same affected chromosome region, 15q11-q13, according to the research results found at the Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, based in Okayama, Japan; PWS (Prader-Willi Syndrome) results from the loss of expression of paternally expressed genes and AS (Angelman Syndrome) of maternally based genes (Ninomiya, Yokoyama, Kawakami, Une, Maruyama & Morishima, 541). Undergraduates Frequently Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I don't have the time Ask Us To Write My Paper And Get Professional Help Original Essays For Sale Paper Writers For Hire Pay to Get Assignments Done Essay Writer Service Are there shared symptoms between PWS and AS? According to research outcomes cataloged at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital in Taiwan, Phenotypes typically include severe to profound psychomotor retardation, abnormal EEG, infantile spasm/epilepsy, hypotonia, behavioral problems, and only mild dysmorphic features; a number of features common to PW or AS were.such as.small hands and feet.hyperextensible joints, seizure, language impairment, and strabismus (Hou & Wang, 126). Case study examples of paternal/maternal inheritance The following information is a compilation of research findings cataloged in the February 2005 issue of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, based upon clinical studies conducted in UK, and companioned by results achieved through the department of pediatrics at the Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry based in Okayama, Japan; their clinical studies were addressed in Pediatrics International (2005). The research conducted and compiled in UK directly focuses upon paternal inheritance of PWS/AS, in which the patient (a five year old female), the parents, two siblings, and a paternal uncle were also tested for similar traits, to show genetic link to the patient of focus. Some of the characteristics examined were intellectual level, early speech and language development, and motor skill development, inidually, along with cataloging physical features present with the patient in comparison to her family members. Family history was taken into account with the following: There is a family history of manic-depressive in a maternal grandparent and a psychiatric illness, which at stages has been attributed to depression or dementia in a paternal grandparent. In a maternal aunt there is a history of learning difficulties (Veltman, Thompson, Craig, Dennis, Roberts, Moore, Brown & Bolton, 119). The conclusion of the study conducted with the family was found that the mother didnt possess the duplicated gene, although she generated a history of developmental delays and learning difficulties in the academic setting, according to Veltman, Thompson, Craig, Dennis, Roberts, Moore, Brown s testing results showed that he carries the duplicated gene, and had reported a variety of developmental delays, such as walking and social interaction. He also reported having difficulties in the realm of academics, specifically mathematics. The results of the paternal uncle and siblings were no evidence of deficits with the uncle, and while neither sibling possessed the deficient gene in question, each displayed developmental delays throughout their histories, according to Veltman, Thompson, Craig, Dennis, Roberts, Brown & Bolton. The clinical studies generated in Japan were focused upon the maternal inheritance of PWS/AS, and an 18 year old male patient was examined, and blood samples were also taken from the parents. The patients medical history, physical characteristics and developmental delays were discussed, as was the results to the testing conducted to produce the answer to paternal/maternal linkage for PWS/AS. Although research findings focused upon the clinical features of PWS, the following was stated in report: The present case showed the deletion of the very small region from the maternal allele, an AS-like pattern, thought he has some clinical findings for PWS..The difference may be caused by the range of negative regulation spreading. The findings of this study underpin the importance of a positive molecular study in patients with some clinical findings of PWS, and that some symptoms for PWS need the gene of biallelic expression adjacent to the narrow region (Ninomiya, Yokoyama, Kawakami, Une, Ma ruyama & Morishima, 543, 544 & 545). Is the necessity for more in-depth research needed for the maternal inheritance of the duplicate gene for PWS/AS? The question arises with the knowledge that PWS/AS does not possess a male v. female ratio like the findings in Autism Spectrum Disorders research found among male and female children; for every one girl diagnosed with ASD, there are four boys who will receive clinical diagnosis of the same disorder. There is also the question of how genetics counselors become involved to assist in prenatal diagnosis of PWS/AS. Are the possibilities of recurrence in additional children if the first or second child tests positive for the duplicate gene? Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and Angelman Syndrome (AS) are associated with a loss of function of imprinted genes in the 15q11-q13 region mostly due to deletions or uniparental disomies (UPD). These anomalies usually occur de novo with a very low recurrence risk. However, in rare cases, familial translocations are observed, giving rise to a high recurrence risk (Flori, Biancalana, Girard-Lemaire, Favre, Flori, Doray & Mandel, 181). What can be done to assist children with Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndrome? Repetitive behavior was examined in children with PWS/AS and children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders). While most of the findings paralleled each other, such as sameness with routines and habits (established activities and/or games played) and sensory sensitivity (different types of fabrics with certain clothes), there were significant differences noted, such as collection of objects, preferences for certain types of food, and lining up of objects (children with ASD are likely to line objects or toys in a row, especially on furniture). Children with PWS showed similar levels of repetitive and ritualistic behavior overall to that seen in children with autism; however, there was some specificity in terms of type of repetitive behavior shown in the two groups. Future research should investigate whether these behavioural phenotypic similarities in PWS and autism are associated with a common neuropsychological, neurotransmitter or genetic origin (Prince, Evans & Charman, 98). Therefore, would the intervention methods implemented for children with ASD be applicable for children with PWS/AS, such as advocacy for these children and their right to education? Could parents of children with PWS/AS be supportive in the roles of negotiator, monitor, supporter, and advocate in conjunction with teachers within the school system? Stoner and Angell submitted a report to Focus on Autism and Developmental Disabilities in 2006, that showed results collected from four families of children with ASD in the exploration of the involvement of parents with their childs education. The 1997 IDEA (Iniduals with Disabilities Education Act) was immediately introduced in the beginning of the documentation, stating the parents legal rights to be involved in their childrens education; this applies to all children, regardless of disability. Parents and educators are involved in the process of meetings to discuss IEP (Inidualized Education Program) strategy and IFSP (Inidualized Family Service Plan goals to develop objectives, interventions, or methods of evaluation, according to Stoner and Angell. In more recent studies, parents of children with disabilities, including ASD, have reported having no involvement with IEP or IFSP plans, lack of choices in services, or lack of effective services (Stoner & Angell, 178). If there is a lack of communication and involvement at times shown here with parents of children with ASD, could this problem cross over into parental involvement of parents with children with PWS/AS? Does parental trust of the education system become an issue? Education professionals, teachers and administration, were given two recommendations, per Stoner and Angells report. (1) Recognize the potential benefit of parents assuming multiple roles within the education setting and encourage parents to be fully engaged in their childrens education, and (2) Recognize that parents will vary in their levels of engagement in their childrens education (Stoner when it came to their children; this sets the stage for apprehension towards trusting other professionals in these fields. Summary Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndromes, though sharing similar symptoms and characteristics, are set apart by inherited gene factors; PWS being paternal inheritance and AS being of maternal origin. Continued research is being conducted to monitor how the duplication of 15q11-q13 occurs, along with the possibilities of recurrence in families with children with PWS/AS. How to assist children with PWS/AS, along with their families, is also being taken into consideration, and integrative methods applied to children with disabilities, such as ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), are being look into as a source of assistance in the search for intervention methods for children with Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndromes. Final Report (Conclusion) Continued research, involving participants of families and their children affected with PWS/AS, the differences and similarities of the disorders, the genetic links for each one, along with intervention methods for assisting children with PWS/AS, is the current recommended solution in the search for answers in assisting children with Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndrome. References Flori, E.; Biancalana, V.; Girard-Lemaire, F.; Favre, R.; Flori, J.; Doray, B.; & Mandel, J. L. (2004). Greaves, N.; Prince, E.; Evans, D. W. & Charman, T. (2006). Hou, J. W. & Wang, T. R. (1998). Ninomiya, S.; Yokoyama, Y.; Kawakami, M.; Une, T.; Maruyama, H. & Morishima, T. (2005). Stoner, J. B. & Angell, M. E. (2006, Fall). Veltman, M. W. M.; Thompson, R. J.; Craig, E. E.; Dennis, N. R.; Roberts, S. E.; Moore, V.; Brown, J. A. & Bolton, P. F. (2005).

A Brief History Of The Internet Essays - Internet Protocols

A Brief History Of The Internet Essays - Internet Protocols A Brief History Of The Internet By default, any definitive history of the Internet must be short, since the Internet (in one form or another) has only been in existence for less than 30 years. The first iteration of the Internet was launched in 1971 with a public showing in early 1972. This first network, known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) was very primitive by today's standards, but a milestone in computer communications. ARPANET was based upon the design concepts of Larry Roberts (MIT) and was fleshed out at the first ACM symposium, held in Gaithersburg, TN in 1966, although RFPs weren't sent out until mid 1968. The Department of Defense in 1969 commissioned ARPANET, and the first node was created at the University of California in Los Angeles, running on a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer. The second node was established at Standford University and launched on October first of the same year. The third node was located at the University of California, Santa Barbara (November 1, 1969) and the fourth was opened at the University of Utah in December. By 1971 15 nodes were linked including BBN, CMU, CWRU, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, MIT, NASA/Ames, RAND, SDC, SRI and UIU(C). In that same year, Larry Roberts creates the first email management program. As a side note, Ray Tomlinson is the person who established the @ sign as a domain/host designator from his Model 33 Teletype. The first international connection to ARPANET is established when the University College of London is connected in 1973, and RFC-454 File Transfer Protocol was published. 1973 Was also the year that Dr. Robert Metcalf's doctoral thesis outlined the specifications for Ethernet. The theory was tested on Xerox PARCs computers. 1974 saw the launch of TELNET public packet data service. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol) was developed at AT&T Bell Labs in 1976, and distributed with UNIX the following year. 1978 saw the split of TCP into TCP and IP. In 1979 the first MUD (Multi-User Domain) was created by Dr. Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw from the University of Essex, and was the foundation for multi-player games (among other things). This event marked the gradual decline of productivity ver the Internet. In 1981 a cooperative network between CUNY (City University of New York) and Yale was established. This network was called BITNET (Because It's There NETwork) and was designed to provide electronic mail transfer and listserve services between the two institutions. RFC-801 NCP/TCP Transition Plan was published that same year. It was because of the growing interconnectivity of new networks that the phrase Internet was coined in 1982, and the Department of Defense also declared TCP/IP to be its defacto standard. The first name server was developed in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin, allowing users to access systems without having to know the exact path to the server. 1983 also saw the transition from NCP to TCP/IP, and it was at this same time that ARPANET was split into ARPANET and MILNET. 68 of the current 113 existing nodes were assigned to MILNET. It was also in 1983 that a young San Francisco programmer, Tom Jennings wrote the first FidoNet Bulletin Board System, which was capable of allowing both email and message passing over the Internet between networked BBSs by 1988. In 1984, the number of hosts on the Internet broke 1000, and DNS (Domain Name Services was introduced. Moderated Newsgroups also made their first appearance this year, although it would be almost a year and a half before NNTP (Network New Transfer Protocol) would be introduced. In 1985, the WELL (Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link) was launched out of Sausalito California, allowing San Francisco Bay Area users free access to the Internet. The Internet had grown so fast, and to such large proportions by this time that some control was needed to oversee its expansion, so in 1986, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under the IAB. 1988 Saw the advent of IRC (Internet Relay Chat), developed by Jarkko Oikarinen, and it can be safely assumed that the first Hot Chat (cyber-sex) took place very shortly afterwards. By 1989 the number of Internet hosts had capped 100,000, and the first commercial Internet mail service was created by MCI. In 1990, ARPANET was finally closed down and